izvcrao Изв. Крымск. Астрофиз. Обсерв. Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Observ. Известия Крымской астрофизической обсерватории Izvestiya Krymskoi Astrofizicheskoi Observatorii 0367-8466 3034-4107 Киселев Н.Н., пос. Московский, Москва, РФ RU 899 10.31059/izcrao-vol116-iss1-pp45-62 К 75-летию КрАО To the 75th anniversary of CrAO Исследования космического магнетизма в Крымской астрофизической обсерватории. II. Прямые спектрополяриметрические измерения магнитных полей звезд Investigations of space magnetism at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. II. Direct spectropolarimetric measurements of stellar magnetic fields https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-0789 Плачинда Сергей Plachinda Sergei Бутковская Варвара Butkovskaya Varvara ФГБУН "Крымская астрофизическая обсерватория РАН", Научный, Крым, 298409 Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Nauchny, 298409 ФГБУН "Крымская астрофизическая обсерватория РАН", Научный, Крым, 298409 Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Nauchny, 298409 16 07 2020 116 1 45 62 04 06 2020 Copyright (c) 2020 Сергей Плачинда, Варвара Бутковская Copyright (c) 2020 Plachinda S., Butkovskaya V. 2020 Сергей Плачинда, Варвара Бутковская Plachinda S., Butkovskaya V. Метаданные этой статьи доступны по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная. Авторское право и право на публикацию текстов, представленных в журнале  "Известия Крымской астрофизической обсерватории", сохраняются за авторами, при этом право первой публикации предоставляется журналу. Тексты могут свободно использоваться при условии правильного цитирования с указанием авторства в соответствии с лицензией Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная. The metadata for this submission is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyright and publishing rights for texts published in Izvestiya Krymskoi Astrofizicheskoi Observatorii is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal.Texts are free to use with proper attribution and link to the licensing (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International).

С 80-х годов 20-го века по настоящее время в Крымской астрофизической обсерватории выполняются регулярные спектрополяриметрические наблюдения невырожденных звезд разных спектральных классов и типов светимостей. В обзоре изложено становление инструментальной базы и развитие методики измерения звездных магнитных полей, а также приведен ряд результатов исследования магнитных полей разных объектов, впервые полученных в Крымской астрофизической обсерватории в разные годы.

The research on stellar magnetism in the Crimea was initiated by pioneer works of A.B. Severny, V.E. Stepanov, and D.N. Rachkovsky. Today, the study of stellar magnetic fields is a key field of research at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO). The 2.6 m Shajn telescope equipped with the echelle spectrograph ESPL, CCD, and Stokesmeter (a circular polarization analyzer) allows us to study the magnetic field of bright stars up to 5 m – 6 m . The Single Line (SL) technique is developed for measuring magnetic fields at СrAO. This technique is based on the calculation of Zeeman effect in individual spectral lines. A key advantage of the SL technique is its ability to detect local magnetic fields on the surface of stars.  Many results in the field of direct measurements of stellar magnetic fields were obtained at CrAO for the first time. In particular, the magnetic field on supergiants (ε   Gem), as well as a number of subgiants, giants, and bright giants was first detected. This, and investigations of other authors, confirmed the hypothesis that a magnetic field is generated at all stages of the evolution of late-type stars, including the stage of star formation. The emergence of large magnetic flux tubes at the surface of stars of V-IV-III luminosity classes (61 Cyg A, β Gem, β Aql) was first registered. For β Aql, the behavior of a magnetic field with an activity cycle in subgiants was first established. Using long-term Crimean spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric observations of α Lyr, the 22-year variability cycle of the star, supposedly associated with meridional flows, is confirmed. Magnetic field variability with the pulsation period was first detected for different types of pulsating variables: the classical Cepheid β Aql, the low-amplitude β Cep-type variable γ   Peg, and others. In this review we cover more than a half-century history of the formation of the Crimean scientific school for high-precision direct measurements of stellar magnetic fields.

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